Understanding Food Allergies: What Every Parent Should Know
Food allergies are becoming more common, and many parents feel anxious when introducing new foods to their babies. Understanding the difference between food allergies, intolerances, and sensitivities can help parents feel more confident in feeding their little ones. In this guide, we’ll break down what food allergies are, how to recognize them, and what steps you can take to introduce allergens safely.
What Is a Food Allergy?
A food allergy is an immune system reaction to a specific food protein. When a baby has a food allergy, their immune system mistakenly identifies the protein as harmful and triggers a response. Even a small amount of the allergen can cause a reaction.
The most common food allergens include:
Peanuts
Tree nuts (almonds, walnuts, cashews, etc.)
Milk
Eggs
Wheat
Soy
Fish
Shellfish
Sesame
Food Allergies vs. Food Intolerances
It’s important to understand the difference between a food allergy and a food intolerance:
Food allergies involve the immune system and can cause serious reactions, including anaphylaxis.
Food intolerances involve the digestive system and may lead to discomfort, such as bloating, gas, or diarrhea (e.g., lactose intolerance).
Food sensitivities may trigger milder symptoms, such as eczema flare-ups or mild digestive upset, but do not involve the immune system in the same way as allergies.
Signs & Symptoms of Food Allergies in Babies
Reactions to allergens can appear within minutes to a few hours after eating. Symptoms range from mild to severe:
Mild reactions:
Skin rashes, hives, or eczema flares
Vomiting or diarrhea
Mild swelling of lips, face, or tongue
Severe reactions (Anaphylaxis – Seek emergency help!):
Difficulty breathing or wheezing
Swelling that affects breathing
Sudden drop in blood pressure (pale, weak, or unresponsive baby)
When Do Food Allergies Develop?
Food allergies usually develop in infancy or early childhood. Some allergies, such as milk, egg, and wheat, may be outgrown, while others, like peanuts, tree nuts, and shellfish, are often lifelong.
How to Introduce Allergens Safely
To reduce the risk of developing food allergies, follow these guidelines:
Start early (around 6 months), but only when your baby is developmentally ready for solids.
Introduce one allergen at a time and wait 3-5 days before introducing another.
Start with small amounts and gradually increase if no reaction occurs.
Offer allergens when your baby is healthy, not during illness.
Supervise closely after introducing a new food, watching for any signs of a reaction for at least two hours.
What to Do If Your Baby Has a Reaction
Mild reaction? Stop offering the food and consult your pediatrician.
Severe reaction? Call 911 immediately and use an epinephrine auto-injector if prescribed.
Food allergies can feel overwhelming, but early introduction and awareness can help. If you have concerns about food allergies, work with your pediatrician or an allergist for guidance. Most babies tolerate new foods well, and even if allergies develop, there are many ways to support a healthy and balanced diet.
By understanding food allergies and introducing allergens safely, you can help your baby develop a positive relationship with food while minimizing risks.
If you are finding it difficult to introduce foods to your baby or not sure where to start, Little Eaters & Talkers can assist in developing a plan and 1:1 assistance. Book an appointment on our website or email us at info@thelittleeaters.com.
Happy feeding!
